The first primate launched into high subspace, although not a space flight, was Albert I, a rhesus macaque, who on June 18, 1948, rode a rocket flight to over 63 km (39 mi) in Earth's atmosphere on a V-2 rocket. United States Enos, the third great ape and only chimpanzee to orbit the Earth, being prepared for launch on Mercury-Atlas 5 (November 29, 1961) Able, who flew on the first two monkey space mission in May 1959, on display at the National Air and Space Museum Sam, a rhesus macaque, flew to an altitude of 88 km (55 mi) on December 4, 1959, on a NASA rocket, Little Joe 2 Monkeys and non-human apes from several species were used, including rhesus macaque, crab-eating macaque, squirrel monkeys, pig-tailed macaques, and chimpanzees. Numerous backup primates also went through the programs but never flew.
Overall, thirty-two non-human primates flew in the space program none flew more than once. Most primates were anesthetized before lift-off. The Soviet Union and Russia launched monkeys between 19.
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France launched two monkey-carrying flights in 1967. The United States launched flights containing primate passengers primarily between 19 with one flight in 1969 and one in 1985. Ham, a chimpanzee, became the first great ape in space during his January 31, 1961, suborbital flight aboard Mercury-Redstone 2īefore humans went into space in the 1960s, several other animals were launched into space, including numerous other primates, so that scientists could investigate the biological effects of spaceflight.
For the pair of nuclear tests, see Operation Crossroads.
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